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After conducting a comprehensive literature search, the authors undertook a meta-analysis to examine the association between correctional education and reductions in recidivism, improvements in employment after release from prison, and other outcomes. The study finds that receiving correctional education while incarcerated reduces inmates' risk of recidivating and may improve their odds of obtaining employment after release from prison.
Buku ini sangat penting untuk dibaca oleh setiap orang yang berkecimpung dalam bidang ilmu hukum, khususnya hukum pidana, kriminologi, dan hak-hak asasi manusia, baik dia teoretisi seperti dosen, atau para praktisi seperti jaksa, hakim, pengacara, para pegiat dan pejuang hak asasi manusia, para mahasiswa bidang hukum, kriminologi dan politik, dan pihak-pihak lainnya yang berminat untuk bidang tersebut. Buku ini membahas secara mendalam tentang ketidakberdayaan tersangka, terdakwa, atau terpidana meskipun kepadanya oleh undang-undang telah dianugerahkan hak-hak dan kewenangan, yang sudah diakui secara universal, yang dalam hal ini ditinjau dari perspektif hukum Indonesia, seperti hak tersangka untuk diam, hak untuk didampingi oleh pembela, hak-hak Miranda, hak untuk tidak diterapkan undang-undang yang berlaku surut, hak untuk tidak terjadi double jeopardy, antipemidanaan diri, hak untuk tidak disiksa dan tidak dijatuhkan hukuman yang kejam, prinsip presumption of innocence, dan masih banyak lagi hak-hak lain dari tersangka/terpidana yang masih terpasung oleh teori dan praktik hukum di Indonesia, sehingga buku ini tentu sangat perlu dibaca dan diketahui oleh para pembaca. Buku persembahan penerbit PrenadaMedia
Thomas Kellaghan Educational Research Centre, St. Patrick's College, Dublin, Ireland Daniel L. Stufflebeam The Evaluation Center, Western Michigan University, Ml, USA Lori A. Wingate The Evaluation Center, Western Michigan University, Ml, USA Educational evaluation encompasses a wide array of activities, including student assessment, measurement, testing, program evaluation, school personnel evalua tion, school accreditation, and curriculum evaluation. It occurs at all levels of education systems, from the individual student evaluations carried out by class room teachers, to evaluations of schools and districts, to district-wide program evaluations, to national assessments, to cross-national comparisons of student achievement. As in any area of scholarship and practice, the field is constantly evolving, as a result of advances in theory, methodology, and technology; increasing globalization; emerging needs and pressures; and cross-fertilization from other disciplines. The beginning of a new century would seem an appropriate time to provide a portrait of the current state of the theory and practice of educational evaluation across the globe. It is the purpose of this handbook to attempt to do this, to sketch the international landscape of educational evaluation - its conceptual izations, practice, methodology, and background, and the functions it serves. The book's 43 chapters, grouped in 10 sections, provide detailed accounts of major components of the educational evaluation enterprise. Together, they provide a panoramic view of an evolving field.
In the 21st century, most businesses participate in globalization, whether by entering new markets worldwide or dealing with competitors from around the world. In addition, the Internet and the accelerated evolution of related tools such as social media provide businesses, as well as individuals, the means to participate globally at an increasing pace. In order to identify profitable business opportunities and to recognize potential obstacles, one must have a complete picture of the global business environment. The Web and other Internet tools also give both new and traditional producers of information additional ways to deliver content to the end user, including interactive, web-based databases, digital files, or twitter updates—to name a few. Taking these trends into consideration, International Business Research: Strategies and Resources provides the basic tools that are useful for doing international business research. Following an introduction that outlines the foundation for international business activity— money, the international monetary system, and financial markets—subsequent chapters address: essential information such as sources, organizations, and websites that list resources for specific regions and countries; how to find international company information and financial data; the major classification schemes used to find relevant industry data, including import/export statistics; and international market and industry research. Each chapter of International Business Research includes research recommendations based upon the authors’ practical experiences and discusses the sources available to meet research needs, making this a valuable tool for anyone involved in the business world, particularly business school librarians, business students, and business professionals.
Describes the role of accounting services in facilitating international linkages needed for economic growth in the Pacific Basin.
Sudah banyak buku yang bercerita tentang Ka'bah. Siapa yang pertama kali membangunnya, siapa yang kemudian merenovasinya, bagaimana masyarakat Arab pra-Islam memperlakukannya, hingga bagaimana Rasulullah saw dan umat Islam kembali menyucikannya. Buku ini bukan berisi repetisi cerita-cerita tersebut, namun fakta-fakta mencengangkan di balik kubus batu raksasa itu, sesuatu yang masih sangat jarang diketahui bahkan oleh masyarakat Muslim sendiri. Penulis buku ini mengajak kita menelisik lebih jauh tentang mengapa dan bagaimana Ka'bah berkali-kali hancur karena pertumpahan darah umat Islam, renovasi Ka'bah yang membuat ukurannya beberapa kali mengalami perubahan, Hajar Aswad yang dirampok para pengikut sekte Qaramithah dari Bahrain dan hilang selama dua dekade lebih, warna kiswah yang berganti-ganti sesuai kehendak khalifah yang berkuasa, harga kiswah yang mencapai 50 milyar, hingga kerusuhan dan pembantaian yang terjadi di dalam Masjidil Haram. Bagi umat Islam di Indonesia, fakta tentang adanya dua imam Masjidil Haram yang berasal dari Sumatra dan Jawa serta banyaknya pedagang Arab yang mampu berbicara dalam bahasa Indonesia tentu juga sesuatu yang sangat menarik. Dengan gaya tutur yang lugas dan mengalir, buku ini membawa kita untuk mendekat dan lebih mengenal Baitullah, bangunan suci yang sepanjang hidup menjadi kiblat shalat kita. Selamat membaca! -QultumMedia-
This book is the second edition of Public Finance and Public Policy (2003). The second edition retains the first edition's themes of investigation of responsibilities and limitations of government. The present edition has been rewritten and restructured. Public choice and political economy concepts and political and bureaucratic principal-agent problems are introduced at the beginning for application to later topics. Fairness, envy, hyperbolic discounting, and other concepts of behavioral economics are integrated throughout. The consequences of asymmetric information and the tradeoff between efficiency and ex-post equality are recurring themes. Key themes investigated are markets and governments, institutions and governance, public goods, public finance for public goods, market corrections (externalities and paternalist public policies), voting, social justice, entitlements and equality of opportunity, choice of taxation, and the need for government. The purpose of the book is to provide an accessible introduction to the use of public finance and public policy to improve on market outcomes.
Corrupt practices in the process of gubernatorial election in Papua Province.
There are several key ingredients common to the various forms of model-based reasoning considered in this book. The term ‘model’ comprises both internal and external representations. The models are intended as interpretations of target physical systems, processes, phenomena, or situations and are retrieved or constructed on the basis of potentially satisfying salient constraints of the target domain. The book’s contributors are researchers active in the area of creative reasoning in science and technology.
Information technology has been, in recent years, under increasing commercial pressure to provide devices and systems which help/ replace the human in his daily activity. This pressure requires the use of logic as the underlying foundational workhorse of the area. New logics were developed as the need arose and new foci and balance has evolved within logic itself. One aspect of these new trends in logic is the rising impor tance of model based reasoning. Logics have become more and more tailored to applications and their reasoning has become more and more application dependent. In fact, some years ago, I myself coined the phrase "direct deductive reasoning in application areas", advocating the methodology of model-based reasoning in the strongest possible terms. Certainly my discipline of Labelled Deductive Systems allows to bring "pieces" of the application areas as "labels" into the logic. I therefore heartily welcome this important book to Volume 25 of the Applied Logic Series and see it as an important contribution in our overall coverage of applied logic.
The volume is based on the papers that were presented at the Interna tional Conference Model-Based Reasoning in Scientific Discovery (MBR'98), held at the Collegio Ghislieri, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy, in December 1998. The papers explore how scientific thinking uses models and explanatory reasoning to produce creative changes in theories and concepts. The study of diagnostic, visual, spatial, analogical, and temporal rea soning has demonstrated that there are many ways of performing intelligent and creative reasoning that cannot be described with the help only of tradi tional notions of reasoning such as classical logic. Traditional accounts of scientific reasoning have restricted the notion of reasoning primarily to de ductive and inductive arguments. Understanding the contribution of model ing practices to discovery and conceptual change in science requires ex panding scientific reasoning to include complex forms of creative reasoning that are not always successful and can lead to incorrect solutions. The study of these heuristic ways of reasoning is situated at the crossroads of philoso phy, artificial intelligence, cognitive psychology, and logic; that is, at the heart of cognitive science. There are several key ingredients common to the various forms of model based reasoning to be considered in this book. The models are intended as in terpretations of target physical systems, processes, phenomena, or situations. The models are retrieved or constructed on the basis of potentially satisfying salient constraints of the target domain.
Developed in the context of health sciences education in the late 1960s, problem-based learning (PBL) is now widely deployed as an education methodology. Its problem-solving, collaborative, student-centred ethos is seen as a more appropriate system of pedagogy than earlier ‘chalk-and-talk’ modes. Focusing on its use in clinical education, this collection of recent scholarship on PBL examines the ways in which PBL is both conceived and implemented in clinical education. The work has a dual emphasis, research-driven on the one hand, while on the other assessing new methodologies to explore how problem-based curricula support the achievement of students’ learning outcomes in the context of clinical education. The chapters draw on studies that explore PBL both theoretically and empirically. The volume’s eclecticism capitalises on the growing body of empirical research into PBL evaluations. It balances this with studies analysing the relatively new area of discourse-based research on PBL-in-action, whose focus has been to interrogate the ‘how’ of student learning in curricula with PBL content.This publication will be of interest to clinical teachers, curriculum designers and those interested in innovations in the scholarship of teaching and learning in PBL curricula.
Illustrates how to strengthen learners' problem-solving skills by incorporating problem-based learning (PBL) with Internet resources and presents projects that correlate to national science, mathematics, and technology standards.
There have been many books, movies, and even TV commercials featuring Neandertals--some serious, some comical. But what was it really like to be a Neandertal? How were their lives similar to or different from ours? In How to Think Like a Neandertal, archaeologist Thomas Wynn and psychologist Frederick L. Coolidge team up to provide a brilliant account of the mental life of Neandertals, drawing on the most recent fossil and archaeological remains. Indeed, some Neandertal remains are not fossilized, allowing scientists to recover samples of their genes--one specimen had the gene for red hair and, more provocatively, all had a gene called FOXP2, which is thought to be related to speech. Given the differences between their faces and ours, their voices probably sounded a bit different, and the range of consonants and vowels they could generate might have been different. But they could talk, and they had a large (perhaps huge) vocabulary--words for places, routes, techniques, individuals, and emotions. Extensive archaeological remains of stone tools and living sites (and, yes, they did often live in caves) indicate that Neandertals relied on complex technical procedures and spent most of their lives in small family groups. The authors sift the evidence that Neandertals had a symbolic culture--looking at their treatment of corpses, the use of fire, and possible body coloring--and conclude that they probably did not have a sense of the supernatural. The book explores the brutal nature of their lives, especially in northwestern Europe, where men and women with spears hunted together for mammoths and wooly rhinoceroses. They were pain tolerant, very likely taciturn, and not easy to excite. Wynn and Coolidge offer here an eye-opening portrait of Neandertals, painting a remarkable picture of these long-vanished people and providing insight, as they go along, into our own minds and culture.
"A comparative research design was used to examine the effects of Think-Pair-Share on the participation and engagement of second grade students during whole group discussion about literature. The purpose of this action research study was to investigate the following research questions: Can the instructional strategy, Think-Pair-Share, improve the voluntary participation of second grade students during whole group discussion about literature? Will the use of Think-Pair-Share increase students. on-task behavior during whole group discussion? Two instructional strategies (Initiate-Response-Evaluate and Think-Pair-Share) were implemented during two separate conditions to observe and compare students' behavioral responses to each during literary discussion in the classroom. During each condition, two observation techniques were used to collect data. The measures for this study included a participation observation which measured incidents of students' voluntary hand-raising and an at-task analysis observation which measured students' on and off task behavior. The results indicated that Think-Pair-Share had a positive effect on students' voluntary participation, though it did not increase students. on-task behavior" -- Abstract, p. 1.
