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Experimental Study of Separated Ramp-induced Shock/boundary-layer Interaction with Upstream Micro-vortex Generation at Mach 2.5

2018 · Book · Koleksi Perpustakaan

Shock wave/boundary layer interactions (SBLIs) are important issues for high-speed vehicles. SBLIs reduce the performance of aerodynamic surfaces and engine inlets, amongst a number of adverse effects. Micro-vortex generators (MVGs) are a flow control method with strong potential to mitigate the effects of SBLI by energizing the boundary layer through momentum transfers from the freestream. They have been implemented in actual configurations at low speeds. The present research includes a combined experimental and theoretical analysis of the evolution of the perturbation downstream the MVG, the formation of vortices, and their interaction with the shock front. Experiments were performed with a baseline MVG configuration of 90° trailing edge on flat plate, ramp alone, and also with MVG mounted ahead of a 20° ramp. The surface flow visualization and particle image velocimetry (PIV) results are presented; the surface flow visualization shows a substantial suppression of SBLIs. A new method to quantify the effectiveness of the MVG on the shock recompression is presented. Moreover, the PIV results were used as the initial input values for the simulation work. A theoretical analysis of the interaction of the MVG perturbation with the boundary layer is performed by assuming linear dynamics of the perturbation. The major assumption is that the interaction between MVG perturbation and the shear flow is affected by transient growth as a result of the non-orthogonality of the linearized Navier-Stokes equations. A new method to perform the projection of the measured perturbation on the continuous modes of the boundary layer is presented. The method takes advantage of the biorthogonality of the direct and adjoint modes. The implementation of such a method using both the Chebyshev polynomials and a shooting algorithm is discussed. The results of the theoretical analysis are encouraging and display a similar trend as the experiments. Both experimental and theoretical results yield perturbation decay not far downstream from the MVG: about 72 mm for experiments, and about 95 mm for simulation. The experiments display two distinguishable growths downstream of MVG, while the simulation predicted one small growth at the very beginning. Both works show trends that agree well with each other.

Favoliamo

2018 · Book · Koleksi Perpustakaan

Comprehensive Organic Transformations, 4 Volume Set

2018 · Book · Koleksi Perpustakaan

This greatly-expanded new edition of a best-selling guide offers an encyclopedic and systematic collection of useful synthetic methodology, including tens of thousands of reactions and synthetic transformations. Covers and cross references so practicing chemists can easily navigate through the book’s comprehensive coverage of reagents and reactions Updates and expands a best-selling guide through the year 2011 "...the book is undoubtedly still of great value and every chemist working in the area of synthesis should have it within reach in the laboratory." —Angewandte Chemie review of the 2nd edition "...an indispensable reference work for designing and carrying out modern organic chemical synthesis.... It is amazing that so much information is contained in a single volume that is arranged in a logical and easy to use fashion." —Analytical Biochemistry review of the 2nd edition

Cary Leibowitz

2018 · Book · Koleksi Perpustakaan

Catalog published in conjunction with the exhibition "Cary Leibowitz: Museum Show", organized by The Contemporary Jewish Museum, from January 26 through June 25, 2017.

Non disturbate il piccolo Michael

2018 · Book · Koleksi Perpustakaan

L’arte di Michael Jackson è stata alimentata o è stata ostacolata dalla traumaticità presente nel suo ambiente di crescita e nella sua vita adulta? A quali condizioni i nostri traumi possono farsi motore di trasformazione e in quali circostanze possono invece diventare un impedimento alla nostra evoluzione personale e professionale? A queste domande prova a dare risposta questo libro, in cui si ripercorre la vita del Re del Pop alla luce delle teorie psicoanalitiche attuali.